Schutzenreihe: The single file advance is usually the most practical way to cross difficult terrain. Some control is lost with troops in the rear. The first contact is likely to be at the front of the column.

The Squad Leader's hand signal is the arm waved back and forth in an exaggerated manner.

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Doppelreihe: A parallel march used mainly to move along roads, but also employed to reduce casualties from mortars. Also allows motor vehicles to pass. Even numbers to the left, odd to the right.

The Squad Leader's hand signal is the double-arm fanning motion, forward and back.

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Kampflinie: This skirmish line is usually used for mopping up operations, the last stages of an assault or to search an area. Its's strongpoint is strong firepower at the front but it lacks control factors.

The Squad Leader's hand signal is the outstretched arms.

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"T": the "T" is used to allow the formation to move with firepower to the front and yet be able to respond to enemy fire from unexpected directions.

The Squad Leader's hand signal is the upright arm waved side to side

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"V": 'The "V" is used much in the same way as the "T" formation, except there is more firepower available at the front.

The Squad Leader's hand signal is both arms bent downward in an inverted "V" and waved in line with the body.