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MK-46 Torpedo

Torpedoes are self-propelled guided projectiles that operate underwater and are designed to detonate on contact or in proximity to a target. They may be launched from submarines, surface ships, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. They are also used as parts of other weapons; the Mark 46 torpedo becomes the warhead section of the ASROC (Anti-Submarine ROCket) and the Captor mine uses a submerged sensor platform that releases a torpedo when a hostile contact is detected. The three major torpedoes in the Navy inventory are the Mark 48 heavyweight torpedo, the Mark 46 lightweight and the Mark 50 advanced lightweight.

The MK-46 torpedo is designed to attack high performance submarines, and is presently identified as the NATO standard. The MK-46 torpedo is designed to be launched from surface combatant torpedo tubes, ASROC missiles and fixed and rotary wing aircraft. In 1989, a major upgrade program began to enhance the performance of the MK-46 Mod 5 in shallow water. Weapons incorporating these improvements are identified as Mod 5A and Mod 5A(S). The MK-46 Mod 5 torpedo is the backbone of the Navy's lightweight ASW torpedo inventory and is expected to remain in service until the year 2015. The MK 46 originated with the RETORC I (Research Torpedo Configuration I) program conducted by the US Naval Undersea Center (NUC) at Pasadena, CA.

Specifications

Primary Function Air and ship-launched lightweight torpedo

Contractor Alliant Techsystems

Power Plant Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion;

Mono-propellant (Otto fuel II) fueled

Length 102.36 in. tube launch configuration (from ship)

Weight 517.65 lbs (warshot configuration)

Diameter 12.75 inches

Range Officially "8,000 yards"

Reportedly 11,400 - 12,000 yd. at 45 kt.

Weapon acquisition range 1600 yards

Min/Max ASROC launching ranges 1500 to 12000 yards

Depth Officially "Greater than 1,200 ft (365 meters)"

Reportedly 1,500 ft.

Search/attack depth settings Minimum 20 yards

Maximum 1500 yards

Speed Greater than 28 knots (32.2 mph, 51.52 kph)

Reportedly 45 kt

Actual 45 knots

Run characteristics 6-8 minutes

clockwise

Guidance System Homing mode - Active or passive/active acoustic homing

Launch/search mode - Snake or circle search

Warhead 98 lbs. of PBXN-103 high explosive (bulk charge)

Date Deployed 1966 (Mod 0); 1979 (Mod 5)

Posted

MK-48跟MK-46外表雷同

也都能用Mk-60三联装发射装置

飞碟结论下的太仓促了

MK48鱼雷

MK-48型鱼雷是美国海军装备的一种自动制导鱼雷,它可以从潜艇、水面舰艇和飞机上发射,既可以攻击潜伏在深海的核动力潜艇,也可以对付高速水面舰艇。MK-48型鱼雷重达1543.3千克,射程8千米。美国所有的潜艇均装备了这种鱼雷。

MK48型鱼雷是美国海军新装备的重型潜用鱼雷,主要装备在核潜艇,用以攻击潜艇和大中型水面舰艇。是美国海军90年代的主力鱼雷。

MK48是美国雷锡恩公司研制的垂直发射系统,该系统同时用于日本、韩国及北约组织各国的海军舰艇装备,至90年代初该系统已装舰40多套,它可用于发射北约的RIM-7P、RIM-7M“海麻雀”及ESSM改进型“海麻雀”对空点防御导弹。

MK48数据

MK48鱼雷长5.85米,直径533毫米,重量1582千克,航速55节,航程46000米,最大航深1200米。

动力系统:热动力斜盘机,采用奥托2型燃料,系统功率500马力,具有高能量密度、低噪音、无尾迹等特点。鱼雷战斗部为装药100-150千克的爆破战斗部,单雷命中即可击沉一艘大型潜艇或中型水面舰艇。

主要特点:威力大,具有反潜攻舰双重功能;制导系统先进,属“智能化”鱼雷;航速高,潜深大,特别适合攻击大深度高速潜艇和大中型水面舰艇。

该鱼雷采用模块化舱段结构,主要由4个舱段组成:雷顶段、战雷头、控制舱和动力装置舱。雷顶段内装主/被动声自导装置,由发射机和接收机组成。战雷头型号为MK103Mod1/2,分别内装43.6kgH-6炸药(TNT当量为1.06)和44.5kgPBXN-103炸药(TNT当量为1.02),与触发引信和近距引信配用,前者称之为爆发器,埋在炸药中,当鱼雷撞击目标时,其惯性开关闭合,引爆炸药;后者称之为感应线圈,嵌在雷壳中,当鱼雷与目标距离缩短到0.6m时,感应线圈产生1个电压,经放大后输入点火电路,引爆炸药;爆发器还可由计算机按预定程序引爆炸药。控制舱装有计算机和自动驾驶仪,还装有电源。

动力装置舱采用燃气发动机,由海水电池起动。尾部有4翼片稳定尾翼装置,翼展为388mm,尾翼之后装有一对螺旋桨。在雷尾排气阀之后的尾端,装有1个球头,当鱼雷用MK32型舰载发射管发射时,管中的制动器卡住该球头,起制动作用;当鱼雷从飞机和助飞火箭投射时,该球头用来与降落伞相连;当鱼雷用作MK60水雷的战斗部时,该球头与水雷相连。

该鱼雷潜航速度为40节,即40海里/小时(kn),追击时可达45海里/小时(kn),航程5.5~11km,下潜深度为800m。鱼雷入水2s后改平,再经2s后海水电池起动动力装置,同时发出下潜指令,鱼雷以45°下潜接敌,到达预定搜索深度时,按蛇形(主动自导)或环形(被动自导)方式搜索。捕获目标后,用主动自导方式进入追击。如丢失目标,则重新转入蛇形或环形搜索状态,直到重新发现目标或发动机燃烧耗尽为止。声自导作用距离1400~1500m。

该鱼雷是世界上第1个热动力型自导鱼雷,也是最早采用数字式电子计算机的自导鱼雷,其主要特点为:

1)采用模块化舱段结构,各部件易于维修和互换使用,提高可靠性和维修性。

2)采用先进电子器件、数字式计算机和自动驾驶仪,实现结构轻小型化,并提高对小型目标的探测能力、抗目标干扰能力、以及自身噪声对声自导的干扰能力。

3)采用热动力装置,早期型号动力装置采用过氯酸铵和硝酸铵固体燃料,生成的燃气不仅提供鱼雷推进功率,同时还用作鱼雷制导系统的能源。改进型号动力装置改用液体单组元燃料——“奥托”,性能进一步提高,并给燃料泵加上双速控制机构,增大对小型目标的探测深度和攻击能力。因此,该鱼雷在性能水平上比MK44有很大提高,属于第三代小型通用反潜鱼雷。

该鱼雷的主要缺陷是:

1)其爆破式战雷头在攻击有双层壳体的现代潜艇时效果不佳,需改用能穿入潜艇壳体内部后爆炸的空心装药和爆破复合战雷头。

2)其动力装置的工作深度仍显不够,因其为开式循环,受海水背压影响,其航速与航程随下潜深度增加而减小,难以对付具有很大潜深的现代潜艇,故于90年代初开始被更先进的第四代小型反潜鱼雷MK50所取代。

基本战术技术性能

直 径 324mm

长 度 2590mm

重 量 230kg

战 斗 部 重44kg

制导系统 主/被动声自导

动力装置 燃气发动机

航 速 40kn

航 程 5500~11000m

下潜深度 800m

到底是MK-46,还是MK-48??? -_-

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